What Is a Feminist Life Coach?

Trigger Warning: This blog discusses sensitive topics including sexual assault (SA), violence, suicide, abortion and systemic oppression. Reader discretion is advised. If you find these topics distressing, consider seeking support or reading in a safe and supportive environment.

The Core Philosophy of a Feminist Life Coach

A feminist life coach operates from the belief that systemic inequalities deeply influence personal struggles. Unlike traditional coaching, which may focus solely on individual change, a feminist life coach helps you recognize how societal norms, gender biases, and cultural expectations affect your life. This understanding becomes the foundation for your growth, enabling you to challenge these influences and prioritize what matters to you.

The coaching process is centered on empowerment—not in the superficial sense of just “feeling strong,” but in developing the tools and confidence to take action despite barriers. This includes addressing limiting beliefs, redefining success on your terms, and creating strategies to thrive in areas like your career, and so on.

Women face unique challenges that aren’t just personal—they’re rooted in deeply ingrained social structures that disproportionately affect their lives. A feminist life coach understands this and provides tools to navigate these obstacles, focusing on areas where women often feel the most pressure.

Although this article has a focus on women, it’s important to remember that gender inequality also often intersects with other systems of oppression—such as race, class, ability, and sexuality—shaping individual experiences in unique ways.

My Purpose as a Feminist Life Coach

Gender inequality is deeply ingrained in society, impacting every aspect of women’s lives—from their careers to their sense of self-worth. As a feminist life coach, my mission is to shed light on these systemic inequalities through a feminist lens, helping women navigate challenges and validate their experiences.

I have curated a series of critical topics where gender inequality is most pronounced, while also addressing and dismantling common myths and stereotypes. This knowledge equips you to recognize patterns of inequality, advocate for yourself, and support others in creating more equitable spaces.

This article will illuminate challenges, inspire action, and provide the tools necessary to navigate or confront inequality.

Let’s dive in.

Relationships

In contemporary society, feminist research continues to unveil critical insights into relationship dynamics, gender roles, and women’s personal fulfillment. By challenging long-standing societal norms, researchers have discovered profound truths about women’s happiness, relationship satisfaction, and personal autonomy.

Gender Roles

Women face significant challenges within traditional relationship structures, with empirical evidence highlighting the disproportionate domestic burden placed on them. Unsurprisingly, women are 69% more likely to initiate divorce proceedings due to profound frustration stemming from unequal household and childcare responsibilities [1]. This statistic underscores the critical importance of equitable partnership and shared domestic obligations.

Mental Labor: The Invisible Burden on Women

Mental labor is a critical yet frequently invisible aspect of domestic responsibilities, disproportionately placing psychological and organizational burdens on women. It encompasses the cognitive work of managing household operations, coordinating childcare, and organizing familial logistics. Unlike physical tasks, mental labor is often unacknowledged and uncompensated, yet it demands constant anticipatory thinking and problem-solving [2].

Research consistently highlights the uneven distribution of mental labor within households. Women are overwhelmingly responsible for managing this mental load, particularly in childcare and household coordination. Primary caregivers—predominantly women—report shouldering approximately 75% of this burden, whereas non-primary caregivers, often men, perceive their contribution as only 56% [2]. These figures expose not just a workload imbalance but also a significant disparity in how this labor is perceived by each gender.

The scope of mental labor extends far beyond visible tasks like cooking and cleaning. Women are typically responsible for managing intricate household routines, coordinating comprehensive childcare activities, planning family schedules, appointments, and events, and ensuring the overall functionality of the household [3][4].

This invisible labor is not merely a checklist of tasks; it involves strategic thinking, constant monitoring, and proactive problem-solving to ensure smooth daily operations. Such extensive cognitive effort is rarely acknowledged, further entrenching the undervaluation of women’s contributions within households.

Society reinforces traditional gender roles, which demand that women excel both professionally and domestically. These dual expectations place immense pressure on women, requiring them to juggle careers alongside extensive emotional and cognitive labor at home.

The consequences of these societal norms are profound. Women often face chronic exhaustion, feelings of demoralization, and a persistent undervaluation of their cognitive efforts. Even in younger, ostensibly egalitarian couples, these expectations endure, placing an undue burden on women while offering limited recognition of their contributions [5].

Addressing the issue of mental labor requires systemic change, including recognizing and valuing mental labor as a critical contribution, promoting equitable sharing of cognitive and emotional responsibilities within households, and challenging societal norms that reinforce traditional gender roles. By raising awareness and fostering equity in domestic responsibilities, society can begin to dismantle the structures that disproportionately burden women, paving the way for a more equitable future [6].

The Impact of Traditional Romantic Narratives

Intriguing research reveals how traditional romantic constructs can inadvertently restrict women’s aspirational landscapes. Women who associate their romantic partners with antiquated concepts of chivalry and being a “protector” are less interested in pursuing higher education and higher-status occupations [7]. This phenomenon illustrates how deeply ingrained romantic narratives can subtly undermine women’s professional and personal ambitions.

Social Consciousness

Couples who embrace feminist principles demonstrate remarkable relationship dynamics. These partnerships actively work to deconstruct historical and cultural mechanisms that have traditionally devalued women’s contributions. Specifically, couples who are both self-identified feminists tend to create relationships that work against historical and cultural devaluation, describing their marriages as more equal and valuing both spouses equally [8].

Male identification with feminist principles correlates with significantly progressive social attitudes. Feminist men are less likely to endorse traditional gender roles, which are associated with:

1. Higher likelihood of sexually coercive behaviors
2. Victim-blaming in rape cases
3. Acceptance of intimate partner violence [7]

Unmarried and Childfree Women

Research by behavioral scientist Paul Dolan suggests that unmarried and childfree women are the happiest subgroup in the population. They tend to report higher happiness levels compared to their married counterparts, particularly when their partners are not present during happiness assessments [7][9].

A 2023 article [10] highlights the factors contributing to their satisfaction including:

1. Personal freedom
2. Financial independence
3. Greater freedom to explore career opportunities
4. Ability to travel
5. Engagement in personal hobbies
6. Lower stress levels
7. More time for self-care and personal development
8. Stronger social networks

The emerging research presents a powerful narrative of women’s agency, challenging long-standing societal expectations. By rejecting prescribed roles and embracing personal choice, women are crafting lives defined by authenticity, fulfillment, and self-determination.

Unpaid Labor

Unpaid labor, primarily carried out by women, represents an enormous yet often invisible contribution to the global economy. If unpaid care and domestic work were valued at the same rate as other paid work, its global economic worth would amount to approximately $10.9 trillion per year. This figure is comparable to the combined GDP of some of the world’s largest economies, underscoring the vast scope of unpaid labor’s economic significance [11].

Within the United States, if women were compensated for their unpaid work at the federal minimum wage, their collective earnings in 2020 would have reached $1.5 trillion. This estimate is based on the average of 4 hours per day that women dedicate to unpaid household tasks, compared to 2.5 hours per day for men [11].

Using this same methodology, the value of women’s unpaid labor in the U.S. amounts to 86% of the total economic activity recorded in New York State, one of the largest economies in the country [12]. These calculations illuminate how unpaid work significantly underpins household and community well-being, even as it remains outside formal economic recognition.

Women’s unpaid labor in the home should be paid for because it is, in many ways, comparable to a full-time job, yet without the financial recognition or benefits that come with paid work. Women often work long hours, with no weekends off, no paid vacations, no sick leave, no healthcare, and no retirement plans. They are on call 24/7, constantly managing the household, caregiving, and emotional labor, which is as demanding, if not more so, than many paid positions. This is a clear injustice that contributes to ongoing gender inequality, as it places a disproportionate burden on women without the recognition or support they deserve.

Furthermore, the work women do in the home directly supports the functioning of a household, just as any paid job contributes to a company’s success. Without the emotional support, caregiving, cooking, cleaning, and general maintenance of the home, many men would be unable to focus fully on their careers or other pursuits. This work enables men to have more freedom to engage in paid employment, effectively supporting their productivity and well-being.

This unequal workload can also perpetuate financial dependency, limit women’s career opportunities, and contribute to long-term economic inequality. Globally, the disproportionate responsibility for unpaid care work prevents millions of women from entering or advancing in the workforce. Approximately 708 million women worldwide are excluded from the labor market due to unpaid caregiving responsibilities [13]. This burden limits women’s financial independence and professional growth, perpetuating cycles of inequality.

Just as an employer compensates an employee for the time and effort they put into their job, a husband should compensate his wife for the labor she performs at home. By paying for this labor, it would be a step toward achieving fairness in relationships, ensuring that the person who takes on the bulk of domestic responsibilities is financially valued for their contribution, just as any employee is.

Education

In the United States, women have significantly outpaced men in college enrollment, highlighting a shift in gender dynamics within higher education. As of 2020, women made up 58% of all college students, outnumbering men by approximately 3.1 million. This trend reflects the increasing prioritization of education among women and signals a transformative step toward bridging traditional gender disparities in academic access [14].

Women not only dominate college enrollment but also surpass men in graduation rates. The six-year graduation rate for women is 67.9%, compared to 61.3% for men. This advantage extends to all levels of post-secondary education. Women earn the majority of degrees, including 62.8% of associate degrees, 58.5% of bachelor’s degrees, 62.6% of master’s degrees, and 57% of doctoral degrees. These statistics demonstrate the dedication of women to achieving higher education milestones, even amidst societal challenges [14].

On a global scale, women and girls have made significant strides in education over the past decade. Since 2015, there are 22.5 million more girls enrolled in primary school, 14.6 million more in lower secondary school, and 13 million more in upper secondary education. Completion rates for girls have risen across the board, increasing from 86% to 89% in primary education, 74% to 79% in lower secondary education, and 54% to 61% in upper secondary education. This progress is a testament to global efforts aimed at improving educational access for girls, particularly in low-income and developing regions [15].

Globally, girls outperform boys in reading at all education levels and across all country income groups. In mathematics, girls perform equally well when compared to boys, dispelling outdated stereotypes about their capabilities in STEM-related fields. These results highlight the importance of fostering educational environments that support gender equity and challenge cultural biases [15].

In the United States, girls graduate from high school at consistently higher rates than boys. As of 2021, the high school graduation rate for girls was 89.1%, compared to 82.9% for boys. This trend reinforces the broader narrative of women’s educational success and highlights their resilience in overcoming societal barriers to academic achievement [14].

Despite their higher educational attainment, women still face significant challenges in translating academic success into equitable workforce outcomes. For example, the employment rate for women aged 25–34 lags behind men by 6 percentage points, even among those with tertiary qualifications. This gap reflects systemic barriers, such as biases in hiring, promotion, and pay, that persist despite women’s superior academic performance [16].

Women’s career progress is often hindered by cultural stereotypes and societal perceptions that undermine their professional capabilities. These biases manifest in hiring practices, workplace promotions, and wage negotiations, perpetuating gender inequality in the labor market. Such systemic obstacles not only limit women’s economic potential but also diminish the value of their educational achievements [16].

Careers

While girls and women consistently outperform boys and men in educational metrics, they remain disadvantaged in the labor market. Women experience lower employment rates and earnings compared to men, underscoring the persistence of structural inequities. These disparities highlight the need for sustained efforts to bridge the gap between educational outcomes and workforce opportunities for women worldwide [16].

The Pay Gap

The global gender pay gap remains a glaring issue, with women earning only 80% of what men earn on average. For women of color, those with disabilities, and mothers, this gap widens even further, highlighting the compounded disadvantages faced by marginalized groups. This systemic inequality demonstrates how intersectional barriers continue to affect women’s economic opportunities and financial independence [17][18].

Despite decades of advocacy and reform efforts, progress in closing the gender pay gap has been alarmingly slow. In OECD countries, the average pay gap has narrowed by only 3.3 percentage points since 2011. Globally, projections indicate it could take a staggering 257 years to close the gap at the current rate of change. This lack of progress underscores the urgent need for systemic interventions to address structural inequalities in wages and workplace opportunities [17].

Women’s economic challenges are exacerbated by legal inequalities. Globally, women enjoy fewer than two-thirds of the legal rights that men have, which includes laws related to violence, property ownership, and childcare. These legal disparities restrict women’s ability to work or start businesses on an equal footing with men, perpetuating cycles of inequality. Without legal reforms, women are systematically disadvantaged in accessing the same economic opportunities as their male counterparts [18][19].

Eliminating the gender pay gap could have transformative effects on the global economy. Research suggests that closing this gap would increase global GDP by more than 20%, effectively doubling the rate of global economic growth over the next decade. This represents not only a moral imperative but also an economic necessity for sustainable development. Unfortunately, reforms aimed at addressing this inequality have slowed in recent years, risking stagnation in progress and perpetuating the economic imbalance between genders [19].

Women in Leadership Roles

As of 2023, women hold 10.4% of CEO positions at Fortune 500 companies. While this marks an all-time high, it remains a stark reminder of the gender gap in leadership. This gap is particularly glaring given that women represent 58.4% of the U.S. workforce, highlighting the significant underrepresentation of women in the highest decision-making roles [20]. The disparity underscores the barriers women face in advancing to top leadership positions, despite the evidence showing that gender diversity in leadership contributes to better organizational outcomes.

Companies with at least 30% women in leadership roles are 12 times more likely to rank in the top 20% for financial performance. This data underscores the tangible advantages of fostering gender-diverse leadership teams. Women leaders bring unique perspectives and skills that enhance decision-making, innovation, and overall organizational success [21]. Research consistently demonstrates that diverse leadership teams outperform less inclusive ones, making a compelling case for actively addressing gender gaps in corporate leadership.

Research suggests that women leaders excel during crises, employing collaborative approaches that effectively engage team members and promote community-focused solutions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, countries led by women were noted for their effective handling of the crisis, particularly in communication and community engagement. These examples highlight the adaptability and resilience of women leaders during challenging times [21].

A meta-analysis of leadership effectiveness evaluations found that women are often rated as more effective leaders than men, particularly in roles requiring collaboration and emotional intelligence [22]. These findings highlight the value of leadership styles that prioritize teamwork, inclusivity, and empathy—qualities traditionally encouraged in women. However, this difference is not a matter of biology but a result of societal conditioning that often discourages men from developing these traits. Men are fully capable of emotional intelligence and fostering teamwork; they simply need the opportunity and encouragement to cultivate these skills. By challenging traditional gender norms and teaching these qualities to everyone, workplaces can benefit from leadership that values collaboration and inclusivity.

Additionally, female leaders are more likely to adopt democratic or participative leadership styles, which encourage collaboration and foster inclusivity. In contrast, male leaders often lean toward autocratic styles. Employees under female leadership report higher levels of satisfaction and engagement, further emphasizing the value women bring to leadership roles [23].

Despite their effectiveness, many women leaders underestimate their abilities due to societal conditioning that reinforces the belief they are less capable than men. From a young age, women are often discouraged from displaying assertiveness or taking risks—qualities traditionally associated with leadership—while being held to higher standards in professional settings. This lack of confidence is compounded by the scarcity of female role models in leadership and the pervasive stereotypes questioning women’s competence. As a result, many women internalize these external pressures as “imposter syndrome,” even when their achievements clearly demonstrate their capabilities [21].

Women in leadership roles frequently encounter stereotypes and biases that undermine their competence. This phenomenon, known as “role incongruity,” arises when societal expectations of women conflict with traditional perceptions of leadership. As a result, women are often held to higher standards than men, making it more difficult for them to succeed in leadership positions [22].

Workplace Harrasment

Sexual harassment remains a pervasive issue in the workplace, affecting a significant proportion of female employees. Approximately 34% of women report experiencing sexual harassment by a colleague, while 40% of working women encounter harassment at some point during their careers. These incidents range from sexist jokes to obscene comments, contributing to a hostile work environment. Disturbingly, this issue has shown little improvement over the past five years, highlighting the systemic nature of the problem [24][25].

Women are far more likely to file sexual harassment claims than men. Between FY 2018 and 2021, they accounted for 62.2% of total harassment charges and an overwhelming 78.2% of all sexual harassment charges filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). This discrepancy underscores the unique challenges women face in the workplace, where harassment is not only pervasive but often unreported due to fear of retaliation or disbelief [26].

Sexual harassment has far-reaching consequences that extend beyond the workplace. Nationwide, 81% of women and 43% of men report experiencing some form of sexual harassment or assault during their lifetimes. This statistic reflects the widespread nature of this issue and its disproportionate impact on women. For younger women, the risks are particularly pronounced. Females aged 16–19 are four times more likely than the general population to experience sexual violence, while college-aged women (18–24) are three times more likely to face sexual violence compared to women overall [25][27].

Sexual harassment in the workplace disrupts women’s careers and undermines their economic stability. Approximately 38% of women who experience harassment report that it contributed to their decision to leave a job early. Similarly, 37% say it negatively impacted their career advancement. These outcomes create barriers to women’s professional growth and exacerbate the gender gap in leadership. Women who are harassed often miss out on critical on-the-job training and mentorship opportunities, which are essential for climbing the corporate ladder [24][28].

The effects of workplace harassment extend beyond professional setbacks, significantly impacting women’s mental and physical health. Victims of sexual harassment are at greater risk of developing mental health conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These mental health struggles often compound over time, increasing the likelihood of long-term physical health problems. Moreover, the estimated lifetime cost of rape—accounting for healthcare, lost productivity, and other damages—stands at $122,461 per victim, illustrating the profound and enduring toll of such experiences [27][28].

Violence

Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a pervasive issue affecting women worldwide. 85% of IPV victims are women, with a woman being beaten every 9 seconds in the United States. In addition, approximately 5.3 million IPV incidents occur annually among women aged 18 and older. Tragically, more than 3 women are murdered every day by their husbands or boyfriends, highlighting the extreme and life-threatening nature of IPV. Women are 5 to 8 times more likely than men to be victimized by an intimate partner, underscoring the gendered nature of this violence [29][30].

Nearly 1 in 5 women (19.3%) have experienced contact sexual violence by an intimate partner during their lifetime. Additionally, nearly 40 million women report having been slapped, pushed, or shoved by an intimate partner, further emphasizing the widespread nature of IPV and sexual violence. These experiences leave lasting physical and emotional scars, contributing to long-term trauma and suffering [30].

One of the most troubling aspects of IPV is the significant underreporting of incidents. Studies show that only about 20% of rapes/sexual assaults, 25% of physical assaults, and 50% of stalking incidents are reported to the police. This underreporting stems from various factors, including fear of retaliation, shame, and a lack of confidence in the justice system. The reluctance to report perpetuates the cycle of violence and allows perpetrators to act with impunity [29].

Despite the severe physical injuries sustained, only 1 in 5 IPV victims seek professional medical treatment. This reluctance may be due to a fear of not being believed, fear of further violence, or a lack of resources. The physical toll of IPV can lead to long-term health issues, including chronic pain, disabilities, and complications from untreated injuries [29].

Intimate partner violence results in significant loss of life and injury each year. In the United States alone, nearly 1,300 deaths and 2 million injuries occur annually due to IPV. More than 55% of women who are murdered are killed in relation to intimate partner violence, revealing the extreme consequences of unchecked gender violence. The persistence of IPV underscores the need for more comprehensive legal and societal measures to protect women [31].

IPV has profound impacts on women’s physical and mental health. Victims often experience PTSD, depression, and increased susceptibility to long-term physical health problems. The trauma of abuse leaves emotional scars that can last a lifetime, and without proper intervention, these issues can become chronic, affecting women’s ability to lead fulfilling lives. The psychological damage caused by IPV is often as debilitating as the physical harm [29].

Homicide is the Leading Cause of Death of Pregnant Women

For 30% of women who experience IPV, the first incident occurs during pregnancy. Between 4-8% of pregnant women are abused at least once during pregnancy. This fact further highlights the need for targeted interventions and support for pregnant women in abusive relationships [29].

Homicide is a leading cause of death among pregnant and postpartum women in the United States. Women are more likely to be murdered during pregnancy or soon after childbirth than to die from the three leading obstetric causes of maternal death, such as hypertensive disorders, hemorrhage, or sepsis[32].

The risk of femicide for pregnant and postpartum women is 35% greater than for nonpregnant and nonpostpartum women. This increased risk is particularly significant, with pregnancy-associated femicide rates being higher due to factors such as intimate partner violence and the use of firearms[32].

The Myth of False Rape Accusations

Studies frequently highlight the methodological issues surrounding claims of false rape accusations. These allegations are often labeled as “false” due to a lack of corroborating evidence or the victim’s decision not to cooperate, rather than intentional deception by the accuser. This inflates the rate of false accusations and perpetuates harmful stereotypes about women’s motives [34].

Rape remains one of the most underreported crimes, with only 37% of sexual assaults being reported to the police. The underreporting of rape is influenced by many factors, including victim-blaming, fear of not being believed, and trauma. This highlights the societal stigma surrounding sexual violence and the difficulty survivors face in seeking justice [33].

Despite persistent myths about false rape accusations, men are significantly more likely to be victims of rape than to be falsely accused of it. For example, in England and Wales, men have a 0.03% chance of being raped annually, while the likelihood of being falsely accused of rape is 0.00021281%. This translates to men being 230 times more likely to be raped than to be falsely accused, debunking the myth that false accusations are a widespread problem [34].

Men’s Aggression: Biology or Upbringing?

In Gabor Maté’s (renowned physician and trauma expert) book When the Body Says No, he discusses the complex relationship between testosterone and aggression, asserting that testosterone is not the primary cause of aggression, but rather an effect of it. This argument is supported by current scientific research, which shows that testosterone levels can rise in response to aggressive or competitive situations, suggesting a bidirectional relationship.

Aggression is not determined by biological factors but by context. Cultural norms, upbringing, and environmental factors play a critical role in shaping aggressive behavior, indicating that aggression is more about social influences than purely biological ones [35].

Beauty

The beauty industry has long been a space where gender inequality is deeply embedded, with women often facing unrealistic standards and pressures to conform to narrow beauty ideals. These standards are not only perpetuated by media and advertising but also by the industry’s own practices, which prioritize certain physical attributes while marginalizing others. Women are frequently objectified, leading to harmful body image issues, lower self-esteem, and a constant push to meet ever-changing beauty trends. The industry’s focus on external appearance often overshadows the value of women’s talents, intelligence, and individuality, reinforcing outdated gender norms.

The Pink Tax

The pink tax refers to the additional costs that women often face for products marketed to them, compared to similar products marketed to men. Women can pay an average of $2,381 more annually due to the pink tax, and over a lifetime, this amount can accumulate to approximately $188,000 [36][39]. Studies show that women typically pay 10-15% more for products marketed to them, even when the items are almost identical in function and quality to those targeted at men [36][39].

Examples of price disparities driven by the pink tax are widespread across various product categories. Women’s razors, for instance, can be priced 11% higher than men’s, despite being nearly identical in function. Personal care products, such as shampoo, deodorant, and lotions, marketed to women also tend to cost more than those marketed to men. A similar disparity exists in children’s toys, where items like pink bikes and scooters, marketed to girls, are often priced higher than identical products marketed to boys [36][40]. These price differences contribute to the financial burden women face and reflect the gender-based discrimination embedded in consumer goods pricing.

Time Spent on Grooming

On average, women in the U.S. spend about 238 minutes (roughly 4 hours) per day on beautification, while men spend around 215 minutes (approximately 3.5 hours) per day, meaning women spend 20-23 more minutes per day on beauty-related activities [41][39][42]. This time commitment is not just a reflection of personal choice but is often rooted in societal pressures that equate femininity with physical appearance.

In monetary terms, women spend an average of $3,756 per year on beauty products and services, approximately $313 per month [41][42]. In contrast, men spend only $2,928 per year, highlighting the disparity in beauty-related expenditures between the genders [41][42].

Over a lifetime, this spending translates to approximately $225,360 on beauty products and services for women, compared to $175,000 for men [42]. This discrepancy raises questions about the societal expectations placed on women to maintain certain standards of beauty, often at significant financial and personal cost.

High Heels

The wearing of high heels, often required or pressured to maintain a “professional” appearance, has been linked to several musculoskeletal and health issues. There is strong evidence showing that wearing high heels increases the risk of musculoskeletal pain and hallux valgus (HV), with odds ratios ranging from 1.24 to 2.48, depending on how frequently the shoes are worn [43][39]. Additionally, high heels are associated with an increased risk of injuries, particularly to the ankle (51%) and foot (26%). A study conducted in Victoria, Australia, found 98% of high heel-related injuries occurred in women, further emphasizing the gendered impact of this fashion choice [43].

Wearing high heels has also been linked to long-term health issues, such as osteoarthritis, although this relationship is still being studied. Biomechanical changes caused by wearing heels suggest that they increase the risk of osteoarthritis, especially in the knees and lower back [43][45].

Moreover, about 59% of corporate women in industrialized countries wear high heels for up to 8 hours a day, and 70% of these women report a deterioration in their quality of life due to foot pain and reduced mobility [46]. This highlights the physical toll of adhering to societal beauty standards in professional environments.

Ageism

Women face unique challenges related to aging, particularly in the context of ageism in the workplace and society. Research indicates that women are more likely to experience age discrimination because societal beauty standards often equate youth with attractiveness. As women age, they are more likely to experience social devaluation, whereas older men are often perceived as “distinguished” or “wise” [47][49].

A study revealed that 63% of women over 50 reported experiencing age discrimination in the workplace, compared to a significantly lower percentage of men. This emphasizes the gendered nature of ageism and its impact on women’s careers, particularly in leadership roles where older women are often overlooked [47].

Women are particularly vulnerable to negative body image concerns as they age, due to societal norms that place an undue emphasis on youth and beauty. These standards contribute to poor self-esteem and dissatisfaction with their bodies, particularly among older women, who are often judged more harshly than men for aging [47][49]. In contrast, older men are generally not subjected to the same scrutiny, with their masculinity remaining largely unaffected by aging. This double standard of aging is deeply ingrained in societal expectations of gender roles, where women’s femininity is linked to physical appearance, while men’s value remains more attached to their status and experience [47].

Weight Discrimination

Weight discrimination is more commonly reported by women than men, with 30.2% of White women experiencing weight discrimination compared to just 12% of White men. This disparity highlights the gendered nature of weight stigma, which is more likely to be experienced by women at lower levels of excess weight. For example, women with a BMI of 27 report discrimination, whereas men typically report significant stigma only at a BMI of 35 or higher [49][50].

In employment settings, overweight female job applicants are less likely to be recommended for hiring than their male counterparts. Additionally, research indicates that women who are affected by obesity tend to earn 6% less than their thinner peers, while men experience a smaller wage penalty of 3% compared to their slimmer colleagues [49][50].

The stigma of weight discrimination is widespread, with 87% of women reporting at least one experience of weight bias in their lifetime, compared to 75% of men. While both genders face weight stigma, women report it more frequently and are more likely to experience it in contexts such as the workplace and social settings [50]. The societal normalization of weight discrimination reinforces harmful stereotypes and perpetuates a culture where appearance-based judgments affect both personal and professional opportunities for women.

Women’s History

Throughout history, the achievements and contributions of women have often been erased, overlooked, or manipulated to maintain patriarchal power structures. From the omission of women’s roles in scientific, political, and cultural advancements to the rewriting of narratives that downplay their influence, this erasure perpetuates the myth that women have not played a vital part in shaping society. In many instances, women’s stories have been rewritten by those in power to reinforce traditional gender roles and limit their visibility, leaving generations of women without a clear record of their strength, resilience, and achievements. This manipulation not only distorts history but also weakens the recognition of women’s value in present-day society.

Prehistoric Societies

Recent studies have challenged long-held assumptions about prehistoric gender roles, revealing that women participated in hunting as much as men in many early societies. In 79% of the 63 foraging societies studied, women hunted, and more than 70% of this hunting was intentional, rather than opportunistic. This challenges the traditional view that women were exclusively gatherers and emphasizes the active role women played in sustaining their communities, contributing to survival strategies alongside men [51][53][55].

Women’s physiology, including the benefits of estrogen and their wider hip structures, made them particularly suited for endurance activities like long-distance hunting. These physical traits have often been overlooked in historical analyses, which have typically minimized women’s roles in such activities. This new understanding calls for a reevaluation of the gendered division of labor in prehistoric times, highlighting that women were capable of performing tasks that were previously thought to be solely within the domain of men [53][54][56].

Statues and Public Memorials

Despite the crucial roles women have played throughout history, their representation in public spaces remains minimal. Only 2.7% of statues in the United Kingdom are of women, reflecting a broader trend of underrepresentation in public memorials and historical records. This lack of visibility not only erases women’s contributions but also diminishes their importance in shaping societal narratives [51]. This issue extends globally, as the historical contributions of women have been overshadowed by patriarchal norms that continue to shape our collective memory.

Female Authors

Women authors have historically faced significant barriers to being taken seriously in literary circles. Many women were forced to publish under male pseudonyms or initials to avoid bias and discrimination. For example, J.K. Rowling chose to use her initials instead of her full name to avoid gender-based prejudice in the publishing industry. This reflects the broader societal reluctance to acknowledge women’s literary talents unless they conform to male-dominated standards of authority and success [52].

Women in Hollywood

Women continue to be underrepresented in Hollywood, particularly in roles with substantial influence. Women hold only 30% of all speaking roles in Hollywood films, a statistic that reflects a broader issue of gender inequality in the entertainment industry. This disparity reinforces the limited visibility of women’s experiences in popular culture and perpetuates stereotypes about women’s roles both in film and in society at large [51].

Global News Representation

Despite the significant impact women have on society, their stories are often sidelined in the media. Only 24% of global news stories are about women, highlighting a significant gender gap in media representation. This underrepresentation limits the visibility of women’s achievements and perpetuates stereotypes about gender roles. Greater representation of women in the media is necessary to correct this imbalance and give women’s voices the visibility they deserve [51].

Examples of Women in History Who Have Been Overlooked

Mary Shelley: The renowned author of “Frankenstein,” published her groundbreaking work anonymously due to the societal biases against women authors at the time. Shelley’s anonymity is not an isolated case; many women have been forced to hide their identities to gain recognition in the literary and scientific communities. This pattern reflects a pervasive gender bias that stifled women’s voices and contributions in intellectual spaces for centuries [52].

Lise Meitner: A pioneering nuclear physicist, was often overlooked for her contributions to the discovery of nuclear fission. Her work, which was critical to the development of atomic energy, was frequently attributed to her male colleagues. Meitner’s erasure highlights a systemic pattern in which women’s contributions to science and innovation are often marginalized, despite their crucial roles in shaping key discoveries [52].

Hedy Lamarr: An actress and inventor, developed a frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology that would later become the basis for modern Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technology. Despite her groundbreaking work in telecommunications, Lamarr’s contributions were largely unrecognized for decades. This case exemplifies how women’s achievements are often overlooked or dismissed, especially when they do not fit traditional gender roles [52].

Jean Purdy: The development of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is one of the most significant medical breakthroughs of the 20th century, yet the contributions of the women involved, such as Jean Purdy, are often overlooked in favor of their male counterparts. Women like Purdy played pivotal roles in the IVF revolution, but their work has historically been downplayed in favor of the more celebrated male scientists. This disparity in recognition reflects broader patterns of gender inequality in scientific fields [52].

Nannerl Mozart: The sister of the famous composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was herself a talented composer and musician. However, her work was largely overshadowed by her brother’s fame, and much of her music has either been lost or incorrectly attributed to him. The erasure of her artistic contributions highlights the persistent gender bias in the arts, where women’s achievements are often overshadowed by the success of their male relatives or peers [52].

Sports

Women in sports face significant gender inequality, from unequal pay and limited media coverage to fewer opportunities for leadership and recognition. Despite their achievements, female athletes often receive less sponsorship, have fewer resources, and face societal expectations that undermine their abilities. Historical stereotypes about women’s physicality and roles in society continue to influence perceptions of their participation in sports, resulting in a lack of investment and support. This inequality not only limits women’s opportunities but also perpetuates a cycle that discourages young girls from pursuing sports at the same level as boys, reinforcing gender disparities in athletic achievement and visibility.

Society often holds the belief that men are inherently better at sports, a stereotype that has been perpetuated across all athletic areas, from physical strength to strategic thinking. However, this view overlooks the fact that men and women have different physiological strengths that can offer unique advantages in various sports. Moreover, the historical exclusion and discouragement of women from sports have limited their opportunities to develop the same level of expertise and achievements as their male counterparts. Without equal access and encouragement, women have had less time to refine their skills and build their legacy in the sporting world, further fueling the cycle of inequality.

Women’s Endurance

Women have long excelled in ultra-endurance events, which involve extended physical exertion over long periods. Research has shown that as race distances increase—such as in events like 50-mile races and beyond—the performance gap between men and women narrows significantly. In some ultra-endurance races exceeding 195 miles, women have been found to outperform men, challenging traditional perceptions of gendered athletic performance [57][59].

Women possess certain physiological advantages in endurance sports due to differences in fat metabolism and muscle fiber composition. For example, women typically have a higher percentage of slow-twitch muscle fibers, which are particularly beneficial for endurance activities as they help in maintaining sustained efforts over longer durations. This physiological advantage contributes to women’s ability to compete in demanding endurance events, where stamina and recovery are critical [58][59][60].

In addition to their physical advantages, women also tend to recover faster from endurance events compared to men. This recovery speed can be particularly beneficial in multi-day competitions or events requiring sustained physical effort, allowing women to perform optimally across consecutive days [59].

The Battle of the Sexes

The famous exhibition match between Billie Jean King and Bobby Riggs, known as the Battle of the Sexes, took place on September 20, 1973, and remains one of the most iconic moments in the history of women’s sports. The event not only showcased the athleticism of women but also became a pivotal cultural moment for gender equality in sports.

Bobby Riggs, a former world No. 1 male tennis player, was known for his showmanship and for publicly claiming that even at the age of 55, he could easily defeat any female player. Riggs’s challenge to women players was part of a broader narrative in which he touted male superiority in sports, undermining the athletic abilities of women.

Billie Jean King, a leading tennis star, was not only a top athlete but also a vocal advocate for gender equality in sports. She had already won numerous Grand Slam titles and was actively involved in pushing for equal pay and opportunities for women in athletics. King’s determination and skill made her the perfect opponent to challenge Riggs’s beliefs.

The match took place at the Houston Astrodome and was dubbed “The Battle of the Sexes”, attracting widespread media attention. An estimated 30 million viewers watched the event on television in the United States, marking it as one of the most-watched sports events of its time. The match was not just about tennis; it symbolized the broader struggle for gender equality and the fight to challenge societal stereotypes about women’s abilities.

Leading up to the match, Riggs attempted to undermine King by making sexist remarks and promoting the idea that women were inferior athletes. Riggs had previously defeated another top female player, Margaret Court, earlier that year, which fueled his confidence and the hype surrounding his challenge to King. However, King’s calm determination and skill on the court would prove him wrong.

In front of a packed crowd, Billie Jean King defeated Bobby Riggs decisively with a score of 6-4, 6-3. This victory not only silenced Riggs but also sent a powerful message about women’s athletic capabilities. King’s performance demonstrated that women could indeed compete at the highest levels and be just as skilled as men in sports.

King’s win was more than just a tennis match; it became a symbol of progress for women’s sports and gender equality. The victory challenged long-standing stereotypes about women’s athletic abilities and proved that women could excel in competitive sports, breaking down barriers for future generations. It also highlighted the importance of equal pay and equal opportunities for female athletes, providing a platform for further advancements in the fight for women’s rights in sports.

The match not only inspired women to pursue careers in sports but also ignited a broader conversation about women’s roles in athletics and society. King’s victory encouraged countless women to stand up for their rights and advocate for equal treatment in sports, furthering the cause of gender equality. It also prompted a shift in how women’s sports were perceived, leading to more coverage and recognition for female athletes.

Billie Jean King’s victory over Bobby Riggs has become an iconic moment in sports history, referenced repeatedly in discussions about gender equality and women’s empowerment. It not only changed the trajectory of women’s sports but also cemented King’s legacy as a trailblazer and advocate for women’s rights. King continued her advocacy work, leading initiatives that resulted in significant advancements for women in sports, including the establishment of the WTA (Women’s Tennis Association) and the push for equal prize money in tennis.

Health

Women face significant gender inequality in healthcare, often resulting in misdiagnoses, lack of research, and inadequate treatment for conditions that disproportionately affect them. Medical research has historically focused more on male bodies, leading to a lack of understanding about how certain diseases and treatments uniquely impact women. Additionally, women’s health concerns, particularly related to reproductive health, are frequently dismissed or minimized, leading to a delay in proper care. This inequality not only affects women’s physical well-being but also their ability to make informed decisions about their health, as societal biases often downplay or ignore their experiences in medical settings.

Dismissal of Women’s Pain

A significant issue faced by women in healthcare is the dismissal of their symptoms, particularly pain. Research reveals that 81% of women aged 18-24 report having their pain dismissed or ignored by healthcare professionals, a problem that deeply affects their mental health and career opportunities. This issue persists as women age, with 56% of women over 45 experiencing similar dismissals. This widespread trend contributes to a lack of trust in the healthcare system and results in women not receiving timely or appropriate care, leading to prolonged suffering and worsened outcomes [61][63].

Women with acute abdominal pain wait an average of 65 minutes for pain medication, while men only wait 49 minutes. Additionally, women with knee pain are 22 times less likely than men to be referred for a knee replacement, demonstrating the healthcare system’s failure to adequately address women’s pain and physical needs [63][66].

The gender pain gap, coupled with delayed diagnoses, has serious health consequences. Women with conditions such as PCOS and endometriosis face long delays in treatment, often suffering without proper care or understanding. These delays can lead to long-term health complications and worsened outcomes. The failure to properly treat these conditions, combined with pervasive gender bias, perpetuates health disparities and highlights the need for reform in the medical field to ensure timely, accurate care for women [65][68].

Delayed Diagnoses

Women often face significant delays in receiving proper diagnoses, particularly for conditions that disproportionately affect them, such as endometriosis. Women with symptoms of this condition are frequently told that their symptoms are simply side effects of heavy periods, which leads to delayed diagnoses and prolonged suffering. These delays are not isolated to endometriosis but extend to a variety of health concerns that affect women, demonstrating the systemic issues of gender bias in medical practice [61][63][65].

Women are more likely to be misdiagnosed during heart attacks and strokes, which can lead to serious outcomes or even death. Studies show that women are 50% more likely to be misdiagnosed during a heart attack compared to men. This misdiagnosis occurs despite women experiencing heart attacks differently, and it is often exacerbated by medical professionals not recognizing the distinct symptoms women present with, further highlighting gender-based disparities in healthcare [66].

Medical Research

Women’s health has been historically underrepresented in medical research, a problem that has contributed to significant gaps in our understanding of female biology and health conditions specific to women. Before 1993, women were rarely included in clinical trials, leading to a significant knowledge gap regarding conditions that predominantly affect women, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis. This exclusion is one of the root causes of the delayed diagnoses and improper treatment women often face [62][68].

Despite advances in medical research, women remain underrepresented in medical literature, and sex and gender differences are often poorly reported or inadequately analyzed. This results in a lack of effective treatment options for many conditions affecting women, including chronic pain disorders and autoimmune diseases, which are disproportionately prevalent in women and often neglected in medical education and research [64][68].

Chronic Conditions

Women are disproportionately affected by chronic pain conditions and autoimmune disorders, which are often under-researched and inadequately addressed in medical education. This lack of research and understanding leads to insufficient treatment options and poor management of these conditions, further contributing to the suffering of women. Conditions such as fibromyalgia, lupus, and multiple sclerosis are more prevalent in women, yet the medical community often fails to provide effective solutions due to the historical neglect of female health in research [64][66].

Women’s susceptibility to autoimmune diseases has been linked to chronic stress, which can be exacerbated by societal expectations and the pressures of people-pleasing behaviors. Experts, such as Dr. Gabor Maté, suggest that these conditions are often rooted in psychological stressors, including the constant striving to meet external expectations.

Divorce Rates Related to Illness

Research reveals a concerning disparity in how illness affects marital stability based on gender. A study involving 515 patients with serious illnesses found that when a woman became ill, the divorce or separation rate increased to 20.8%, compared to just 2.9% when the husband was the one who fell ill. This stark contrast highlights the gendered nature of marital breakdowns in the context of illness, showing that women are more likely to face the burden of divorce when they become seriously ill [69][71].

In a study of nearly 3,000 married couples, researchers concluded that a wife’s serious illness was associated with a higher risk of divorce, while a husband’s illness did not significantly affect the likelihood of divorce. These findings suggest a broader societal trend where women are more likely to uphold their marital vows during their partner’s illness, while men are statistically more inclined to leave when their wives fall ill. This reinforces the notion that women’s roles as caregivers are often expected, while men’s commitment to caregiving during their partner’s illness is less guaranteed [69][72].

Among young cancer survivors, the gender disparity in divorce rates becomes even more evident. Only 13% of male cancer survivors reported becoming divorced or separated following their diagnosis, while 21% of female cancer survivors faced divorce or separation after their diagnosis. This further illustrates the trend where women’s health issues, particularly cancer, often lead to marital breakdowns more frequently than men’s health crises. This suggests that societal expectations about gender roles in relationships contribute significantly to these dynamics [72].

Societal expectations about gender play a significant role in shaping these dynamics. Men are often socialized to view relationships through the lens of achievement and personal success, which can lead them to prioritize their own well-being over the commitment to care for an ill spouse. In contrast, women are socialized to be nurturing and supportive, leading them to be less likely to leave a sick partner. These social norms explain why women are often more willing to stay and care for a sick spouse, while men may prioritize personal or financial concerns over marital commitments [71][73][74].

The Husband Stitch

The “husband stitch” refers to an extra stitch that many women receive during vaginal repair after childbirth, allegedly intended to enhance sexual pleasure for their male partners. This practice, however, is both unethical and medically unnecessary, as it prioritizes the perceived pleasure of the male partner over the woman’s health and well-being. Despite the lack of medical justification, this procedure has been carried out in some healthcare settings, reflecting broader gender biases within the medical system [75][76].

Approximately 85% of births result in vaginal lacerations or episiotomies, leaving many women vulnerable to receiving this additional, often unconsented, stitch during the repair process. The widespread nature of vaginal tears after childbirth and the normalization of this practice underscore the deep-rooted objectification of women’s bodies in healthcare, where their autonomy is frequently disregarded in favor of male pleasure [76].

Women who have undergone the husband stitch report a range of negative health consequences, including chronic pain during intercourse (dyspareunia), scarring, and feelings of shame and helplessness. These emotional and physical repercussions often persist long after childbirth, leading to lasting trauma for the women affected. The procedure is not only a violation of informed consent but also a direct contributor to long-term suffering for many women [75][76].

The husband stitch has been linked to severe, long-term complications such as vaginal prolapse and perineal pain, which can significantly diminish a woman’s quality of life. These complications can affect women’s ability to engage in normal daily activities, further perpetuating the harm caused by this unnecessary and intrusive practice.

Many women who have undergone the husband stitch choose not to disclose their experiences, often due to feelings of shame and isolation. The stigma surrounding this procedure contributes to a culture of silence, where women’s pain and discomfort are minimized or ignored. This lack of open discussion further perpetuates the harmful nature of the practice and makes it more difficult for women to seek proper treatment and care for the complications they face [76].

Infertility

Male infertility plays a significant role in many infertility cases. It is a primary factor in approximately 30% of all infertility cases and contributes to an additional 30-40% of cases involving both partners, meaning that male factors are involved in about 50% of all infertility cases overall [77][78][79]. This data challenges the common assumption that infertility is primarily a female issue, yet societal narratives often place the burden on women. This misperception can lead to feelings of guilt and shame among women regarding their reproductive health, while male infertility is frequently underexplored or ignored.

A study found that 20-30% of infertility cases are solely due to male factors, while about 50% of couples experiencing infertility have male-related issues [77]. Despite this, a survey indicated that many women feel pressured to seek fertility solutions without equal consideration for their male partners’ health. This reflects a deeply ingrained stereotype that infertility is a woman’s responsibility. Furthermore, healthcare providers often overlook male evaluations in fertility assessments. Research reveals that only about 41% of Ob/Gyn physicians consider a urological evaluation for the male partner when addressing fertility issues, indicating a systemic bias in how infertility is approached [79].

As men age, their fertility also declines, contradicting the common belief that men can father children at any age. A study involving 2,612 men found that advancing male age is associated with a decrease in the percentage of motile and morphologically normal sperm. This decline becomes particularly noticeable after the age of 40. Significant negative correlations were observed between age and total motility, progressive motility, and normal sperm morphology, suggesting that age has a considerable impact on sperm quality [80].

A 2020 study found that conception rates drop by 30% for men over 40 compared to those younger than 30, highlighting the significant impact of aging on male fertility. This decline is attributed to factors like reduced sperm quality and quantity, which contribute to the decreased likelihood of successful conception as men age [81].

Moreover, as men age, the number of times their sperm cells replicate increases, leading to a higher likelihood of genetic mutations. Each division of sperm cells carries the potential for errors, meaning older men may contribute to genetic abnormalities in their children. Research has linked older paternal age to an increased risk of conditions like autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia in offspring [81].

Children born to fathers aged 45 years or older face higher risks of developing certain health issues, such as congenital disabilities and developmental delays. This data underscores the importance of considering both maternal and paternal age in discussions of reproductive health and childbearing. While much focus is placed on the woman’s age, these findings show that men’s ages can significantly impact the health outcomes of their children [82].

Studies on in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates have shown that paternal age also plays a crucial role in reproductive outcomes. Among men over 51 years old, only 30% were able to facilitate pregnancy through IVF, compared to much higher success rates in younger men. This suggests that both maternal and paternal ages are equally important in determining the likelihood of IVF success, yet paternal age is often overlooked in fertility discussions [82].

Abortion

Abortion represents the legal expression of a woman’s right to bodily autonomy, a fundamental principle from which all other rights stem. If laws or courts decide that the interests of others supersede a woman’s ownership of her own body, it creates a precedent that threatens all individual freedoms. This legal encroachment expands the ability of governments to implement sexist policies, keeping women disproportionately burdened by pregnancy and childcare, effectively limiting their participation in power structures and economic opportunities.

The impact of forcing a woman to give birth extends beyond physical demands. It forces her to put her career, relationships, and personal ambitions on hold, fundamentally altering the trajectory of her life. This is why the introduction of the birth control pill in the 1960s was revolutionary—it allowed women, for the first time in history, to make meaningful choices about whether to have children and when to pursue their careers and destinies [83][84].

A troubling reality is that a deceased person has more bodily autonomy than a living woman. While a person can dictate what happens to their body after death, a woman can have her autonomy overruled by laws that prioritize a hypothetical or potential life over her own. The denial of abortion access implies that the rights of a potential person outweigh those of a living, breathing woman. If society affords greater rights to someone who doesn’t yet exist, it becomes easier to justify the subjugation of women by their husbands, fathers, or even their own children [84][85].

The overwhelming majority of abortions (93%) occur during the first trimester of pregnancy. Late-term abortions, defined as those performed at or after 21 weeks, are exceedingly rare, accounting for less than 1% of all abortions in the U.S. Furthermore, these late-term procedures are typically performed due to fatal fetal conditions or to protect the life or health of the mother, debunking the misconception that late-term abortions are elective [85][86][87].

The overturning of Roe v. Wade has not reduced abortion rates in the U.S. In fact, 2023 saw an 11% increase in the total number of abortions. This rise is attributed to increased access to medication abortion pills and private funding for abortion services. Restrictive laws do not eliminate abortion but instead make it less safe and more inaccessible for vulnerable populations [85][86].

Abortion bans have had devastating effects on women’s health and safety. In states with strict bans, women have faced preventable complications, including death. For example, in Georgia, Amber Thurman tragically died from an infection after her doctors delayed a routine procedure out of fear of legal repercussions under the state’s abortion ban. Such cases highlight the real-world consequences of denying access to abortion care [85].

Myth: Abortion as Contraception

The notion that women use abortion as a primary method of contraception is false. In 2014, 51% of women who sought abortions reported using contraceptives during the month they became pregnant. This underscores the reality that contraceptive failure, rather than lack of use, often leads to unintended pregnancies [86][88].

While modern contraceptives are highly effective, no method is perfect. For instance, condoms have a typical-use failure rate of 13%, and birth control pills fail about 7% of the time with typical use. These rates explain why pregnancies can occur even when precautions are taken, challenging the idea that women who seek abortions are irresponsible [88][89].

Evidence demonstrates that increased access to modern contraceptives correlates with reduced abortion rates. In countries such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, and Uzbekistan, abortion incidence dropped significantly as modern contraceptive use rose. This reinforces the importance of investing in contraception access to reduce unintended pregnancies and the need for abortion [87][89].

Women who have abortions are not using the procedure as a regular form of contraception. Data from 2018 reveals that 85% of abortion patients were unmarried, and women in their 20s accounted for the majority of procedures. This data suggests that abortion is primarily a response to unintended pregnancies rather than a routine practice [88].

Overall, abortion rates in the U.S. have been declining. From 2009 to 2018, reported abortions decreased by 22%, while the abortion ratio (abortions per 1,000 live births) dropped by 16%. This trend is attributed to improved contraceptive use and better access to reproductive healthcare [88].

The Orgasm Gap

The orgasm gap reflects a significant gender disparity in sexual satisfaction, as consistently revealed by research. A study from the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior found that 91% of men reported reaching orgasm during their last sexual encounter, compared to only 64% of women. This discrepancy highlights a persistent inequity in sexual experiences [90].

More recent data underscores this gap, revealing that only 30% of women report orgasming every time they have sex, whereas 61% of men say the same. Overall, women’s orgasm rates typically range between 30% and 60%, while men’s rates span 70% to 100% [91][92].

Adding to the complexity is a perception gap, where 85% of men believe their female partners orgasm during sexual encounters, but only 64% of women actually report doing so. This overestimation by men demonstrates a lack of awareness about their partners’ satisfaction and perpetuates misconceptions about sexual fulfillment [90].

Furthermore, 40% of women experience sexual dysfunction, which can include difficulties in achieving orgasm. This statistic reflects broader issues related to sexual health, education, and communication within relationships [92].

Cultural norms and societal expectations play a pivotal role in perpetuating the orgasm gap. Women are often socialized to be modest about their sexuality, which can foster feelings of shame or discomfort when expressing their sexual needs and desires. This cultural conditioning hinders women’s ability to advocate for their satisfaction during sexual encounters, leaving their pleasure overlooked or ignored.

Conversely, men are frequently taught to view sexual conquests as achievements, prioritizing their own pleasure over mutual satisfaction. This mindset contributes to a lack of effort in understanding female anatomy and the factors that contribute to women’s pleasure. Studies indicate that many men lack knowledge about the clitoris and its central role in female orgasm. This ignorance perpetuates unsatisfactory sexual experiences for women and widens the orgasm gap [91][93].

Society often discourages open communication about women’s sexual preferences. Women may feel pressured to prioritize their partner’s pleasure over their own, fearing judgment or rejection. As a result, discussions about what women need to achieve satisfaction are often avoided, leaving their desires unmet [90].

The orgasm gap is not merely a matter of individual relationships but a societal issue rooted in cultural expectations and a lack of comprehensive sexual education.

Key areas for addressing this disparity include:

• Comprehensive Sexual Education: incorporating information about female anatomy in sexual education programs can help dispel misconceptions and foster mutual understanding between partners.
• Promoting Open Communication: encouraging open and honest conversations about sexual preferences and needs can bridge the gap between partners, creating a more satisfying sexual experience for both.
• Challenging Cultural Norms: normalizing discussions about women’s pleasure and rejecting the stigma surrounding female sexuality are essential for reducing the orgasm gap. This includes dismantling societal expectations that pressure women to downplay their desires.
• Research and Advocacy: continued research into the causes and solutions for the orgasm gap is critical. Advocacy for better sexual health resources and education can empower women to take control of their sexual satisfaction.

Mental Health

Women face distinct challenges in mental health due to gender inequality, with societal pressures, gender roles, and systemic biases contributing to higher rates of anxiety, depression, and trauma-related disorders. Despite being more likely to seek help, women’s mental health concerns are often dismissed as overreactions or tied solely to hormonal changes, leading to misdiagnoses or inadequate care. The emotional labor women are expected to carry, combined with the stress of navigating unequal work environments, caregiving roles, and societal expectations, creates unique mental health burdens that are frequently overlooked or underfunded in mental health research and care initiatives.

Suicide

Men generally have a higher suicide rate compared to women, a disparity that is partly due to the methods they tend to use. Men are more likely to resort to violent and lethal methods. These methods have a higher mortality rate compared to those typically employed by women, such as pharmacological drug overdoses, which are more likely to result in survival [94][95].

The stigma surrounding mental health for men, coupled with a lack of support or expression outlets, often leads to feelings of isolation and hopelessness, exacerbating the risk of suicide. Addressing these gendered expectations and encouraging open conversations around mental health is crucial in reducing the suicide rate among men.

By challenging traditional gender norms, feminism encourages men to break free from the expectation that they must always be strong, stoic, and emotionally restrained. This can reduce the stigma around men expressing vulnerability and seeking help, which is crucial in preventing mental health crises. When men are taught that it is okay to talk about their feelings, seek therapy, or ask for support, it helps dismantle harmful stereotypes that contribute to their higher suicide rates. Feminism advocates for emotional well-being and healthier, more supportive environments for everyone, where men are empowered to live more authentically and without the pressure to conform to rigid standards of masculinity.

Life Expectancy

Marriage has long been associated with improved life expectancy, particularly for men. Studies show that married men have a 39% higher probability of outliving women compared to their single counterparts. Marriage provides men with emotional support, better health monitoring by spouses, and more stable living conditions, all of which contribute to longevity [96].

For women, the relationship between marriage and life expectancy is more nuanced. A study revealed that women’s life expectancy is shorter when there is a significant age gap with their husband, regardless of whether they are older or younger. This finding suggests that the protective effects of marriage on longevity do not apply equally to women and may even diminish in certain conditions [97].

Stress levels in marriage can significantly reduce life expectancy. The unequal distribution of emotional labor, financial stress, and caregiving responsibilities often falls on women, leading to chronic stress. This chronic stress accelerates aging, weakens the immune system, and can ultimately shorten life expectancy, especially if a woman feels unsupported or overwhelmed in her relationship.

Blaming Women

The term “daddy issues” is often used to describe women struggling with relationships due to an absent or neglectful father figure. While this label may point to legitimate emotional challenges, it is frequently wielded as a derogatory tool to blame women for behaviors shaped by circumstances beyond their control. This narrative shifts responsibility from the absent father to the daughter, reinforcing victim-blaming and perpetuating harmful stereotypes [98].

Single mothers face intense societal criticism, often being blamed for their circumstances and subjected to double standards. A Pew Research survey revealed that 47% of U.S. adults believe single women raising children alone is “bad for society.” This stigma is compounded by systemic inequalities: single mothers are seven times more likely to live in poverty than their married counterparts [99][100].

While single mothers are scrutinized for their parenting, fathers who provide minimal support are often celebrated. This disparity reinforces narratives that undervalue women’s efforts while overstating men’s contributions [100][101].

Gendered Upbringing

From a young age, boys and girls are socialized differently, with boys encouraged to be assertive, independent, and competitive, while girls are taught to be nurturing, cooperative, and empathetic. This creates divergent skill sets and personality traits that persist into adulthood. For instance, boys are more often praised for achievements, whereas girls receive encouragement for their social behavior [101].

These patterns influence career aspirations, emotional expression, and interpersonal relationships. Women, socialized to prioritize family, often face barriers in pursuing leadership roles, where they currently hold only 28% of senior positions despite constituting nearly half the workforce [101].

Emotions

The stereotype that women are more emotional than men lacks scientific basis. A University of Michigan study tracking 142 participants over 75 days found no significant differences in emotional fluctuations between men and women. This challenges the notion that women are more emotionally volatile or irrational [102].

Cultural biases amplify these stereotypes. For example, men expressing enthusiasm at a sports event are labeled “passionate,” while women showing similar emotions may be dismissed as “irrational.” Such framing reflects societal double standards that trivialize women’s emotional expression [102][103].

While women are encouraged to express a broad range of emotions, men are socialized to suppress feelings of sadness or fear, which can lead to emotional detachment in adulthood. This stigma against vulnerability fosters mental health challenges among men, including higher rates of undiagnosed depression and anxiety. Conversely, women may internalize societal expectations to the detriment of their own well-being, leading to emotional burnout [104].

Mansplaining

Mansplaining, a term popularized by Rebecca Solnit in her 2008 essay “Men Explain Things to Me,” refers to instances where men explain things to women in a condescending manner, often assuming that women know less about the topic. This phenomenon occurs frequently in professional settings, where women’s expertise is undervalued or ignored [105].

A study published in the Journal of Management and Organization found that over 95% of respondents reported experiencing some form of mansplaining at work. This behavior has tangible consequences: after experiencing mansplaining, women are less likely to speak up in discussions, leading to reduced confidence and decreased participation in workplace interactions [105].

Mansplaining reflects broader societal attitudes toward gender roles, reinforcing stereotypes that men are inherently more knowledgeable or competent. This contributes to the marginalization of women in professional spaces, leading to decreased job satisfaction and higher turnover rates among female employees [105].

Our World Designed for Men

In many aspects of modern life, designs, policies, and systems are often created with men as the default, leaving women to contend with environments, products, and services that are not suited to their specific needs. This male-centric approach results in a world that can disadvantage women in critical areas such as safety, healthcare, workplace comfort, and even urban planning. The consequences of this gender bias are far-reaching, affecting everything from car safety and medical treatment to workplace temperature settings and public infrastructure.

Car Safety

Women are 47% more likely to be seriously injured in a car accident and 17% more likely to die compared to men. This disparity is largely attributed to car safety features that were designed with the male body in mind. Crash test dummies, seatbelt designs, and safety features have all been tailored to the average male body type, leading to a higher risk for women [106][107].

For example, seatbelts, which were designed with the median 1970s male body in mind, cause specific issues for women, such as the shoulder strap riding up and cutting into their necks or breasts, significantly reducing their effectiveness in protecting women during a crash [107].

It wasn’t until 2003 that the first female crash test dummy was introduced, which highlights the long-standing male bias in car safety testing [107].

In a 2011 study conducted by the University of Virginia, researchers found that women drivers were much more likely to be injured in crashes than their male counterparts. This was attributed to the design of car safety features that fail to account for women’s shorter height, different neck strength, and the positioning of head restraints. These design shortcomings make women more vulnerable to injuries, highlighting the gender gap in car safety technology [109].

The Gender Temperature Gap

Workplace environments are often designed with the average male body in mind, leading to disparities in comfort and productivity. Office air conditioning systems, for example, are typically set based on the metabolism and body temperature of an 11-stone, 40-year-old man. As a result, office environments tend to be about five degrees colder than what would be ideal for women, whose body temperature and metabolism differ from those of men [110]. This oversight can lead to discomfort and reduced workplace efficiency for women, illustrating how gender-neutral designs often inadvertently favor male preferences and needs.

CPR Training

Medical research and treatments have historically been based on male physiology, often ignoring or underestimating the differences in female biology. A prime example is the way CPR training has traditionally focused on techniques tailored to male chests, leading to a 23% higher chance of successful resuscitation for men compared to women. This medical oversight is rooted in the assumption that male physiology is the standard for all patients, which compromises women’s health outcomes [106][111].

Tech Industry

The tech industry remains highly male-dominated, with 74% of computing jobs held by men, and 88% of IT patents granted to male-only invention teams between 1980 and 2010. This male-dominated environment results in products that are designed with male users in mind, often overlooking the needs and behaviors of women. For instance, many smartphones and technological devices are designed based on male-centric assumptions, leading to products that may not fully accommodate women’s usage patterns and preferences [106][112].

Urban Planning

Urban planning and public infrastructure are frequently designed without considering the specific needs and behaviors of women. Public spaces, restrooms, and transportation systems are often created with the “average man” in mind. For instance, snow-clearing routes do not account for the unpaid labor women often perform, or their daily travel patterns, such as childcare and caregiving responsibilities, that might require different planning [106][110]. This oversight in urban planning results in inequitable environments that fail to address the practical needs of women, further entrenching gender inequality.

Data Collection

There is a significant “gender data gap”, where data collection often neglects or underrepresents women’s experiences and needs. For example, datasets on drivers involved in accidents are based on the “Reference Male” (a 70kg, 5’8” man), which does not account for the majority of women who fall outside of this physical norm. This lack of gender inclusivity in data leads to a failure to address the unique needs of women in areas such as car safety, medical treatment, and technology design [113][114].

Such biases in data collection perpetuate a “default male” world, where designs, policies, and systems are primarily created based on male characteristics and needs. This leads to significant disadvantages for women, reinforcing gender inequality in various spheres of life [113].

Why Feminism Faces Resistance: The Influence of Confirmation Bias

Confirmation bias is the tendency for people to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms their preexisting beliefs or opinions, while disregarding or minimizing evidence that contradicts them. Essentially, it’s a cognitive shortcut that reinforces what we already think to be true, making it harder to accept new perspectives or change our views.

Confirmation bias plays a significant role in how feminism is perceived and discussed. This cognitive bias causes people to favor information that supports their existing beliefs, while dismissing or undervaluing evidence that contradicts them. In the context of feminism, those who oppose gender equality often seek out information that reinforces their belief that women are already treated equally or that feminist ideas are unnecessary. For example, they may focus on instances where women appear to have advantages, such as certain family court rulings or the gender pay gap in specific industries, while ignoring broader societal patterns of inequality. This selective attention can distort understanding, reinforcing stereotypes about feminism being “unnecessary” or “radical,” rather than acknowledging the systemic gender biases that continue to affect women in multiple aspects of life. Additionally, it can prevent meaningful dialogue and make it harder for those who are open to feminist ideas to recognize the full scope of gender inequality that still exists today.

Understanding Systemic Oppression

The concepts of “reverse sexism” and “reverse racism” are often invoked in discussions about gender and racial dynamics, but they are widely critiqued by scholars and activists for several reasons. Here’s an explanation of why these terms are considered misleading and not reflective of the realities of systemic oppression.

1. Definition of Racism and Sexism: Racism and sexism are not merely about individual prejudice; they involve systemic power dynamics. Racism is defined as prejudice plus power, meaning that for an act to be considered racist, it must occur within a context where one group holds systemic power over another. Similarly, sexism involves a power imbalance where one gender dominates social, political, and economic spheres.
2. Power Dynamics: In the context of racism, white individuals historically hold societal power in many countries, particularly in the U.S. This means that while individuals from minority groups can express prejudice against white individuals, they do not possess the systemic power to oppress whites collectively. Similarly, men as a group hold more institutional power than women, making claims of “reverse sexism” problematic.

Debunking Common Arguments Against Feminism

“Feminism is about hating men.”

This is one of the most pervasive misconceptions. Feminism is not about antagonizing men but advocating for gender equality. Feminists challenge harmful patriarchal systems, which negatively affect men too—such as stigmatizing emotional vulnerability or enforcing rigid gender roles.

“Men have issues too; why not fight for men’s rights?”

This argument conflates feminism with ignoring men’s struggles. Feminism seeks to dismantle systems of inequality that harm all genders. Issues like toxic masculinity, unfair custody battles, and mental health stigmas for men are consequences of the same patriarchal structures feminism challenges. Supporting feminism doesn’t exclude addressing men’s issues; it’s part of the bigger goal of equality.

“If women want equality, why don’t they do dangerous jobs like men?”

This argument ignores the fact that systemic barriers often push women out of certain industries. For example, workplace harassment, lack of mentorship, or societal expectations discourage women from pursuing traditionally male-dominated roles. Furthermore, women do take on dangerous work—such as caregiving roles during crises or jobs in vulnerable sectors like domestic labor—often with lower pay and fewer protections.

“Men are the real victims now; feminism has gone too far.”

This often arises from a misunderstanding of equity versus equality. Feminism seeks to address long-standing systemic imbalances. Advocacy for women’s rights isn’t a zero-sum game; supporting women’s equality doesn’t mean taking opportunities away from men. Claims of “reverse sexism” fail to account for the broader historical and institutional context where men still hold most societal power.

“Feminists ignore issues like false accusations or male domestic abuse victims.”

Feminism doesn’t deny that false accusations or male victims of abuse exist. However, research shows these cases are statistically rare compared to the prevalence of violence against women. Feminists also advocate for dismantling stereotypes that prevent men from reporting abuse or being believed, recognizing that these stereotypes stem from patriarchal ideas about masculinity.

“Women have it easier because men pay for their drinks and dates.”

This argument focuses on trivial social dynamics and ignores systemic issues like the gender pay gap, underrepresentation in leadership roles, and violence against women. Also, many women dislike the expectation that they should “repay” these gestures in some way.

“Women get into clubs for free.”

This argument ignores the underlying reason: clubs often exploit women as a means to attract male patrons, treating women as bait rather than valued customers.

“Women get custody of children more often than men.”

While women often win custody cases, it’s not because of an anti-male bias but because traditional gender norms frame women as the default caregivers—a norm feminism actively works to challenge by advocating for shared parenting responsibilities.

“Women don’t get drafted for war.”

This argument oversimplifies the issue of conscription. Feminism supports equality in all areas, including military service, but conscription policies were historically rooted in men’s perceived physical dominance and duty to “protect” women.

“Women get compliments all the time; men don’t.”

Many women experience unsolicited comments or catcalling, which isn’t the same as receiving genuine compliments. Feminism addresses the issue of women being objectified or harassed in public spaces.

“Women can use their looks to get ahead in life.”

This argument objectifies women and reduces their achievements to their appearance. It also perpetuates the harmful idea that women should prioritize their looks to succeed, something feminism challenges by advocating for valuing skills and abilities over appearance.

Is a Feminist Life Coach Right for You?

If you’re tired of feeling boxed in by societal expectations or struggling with self-doubt rooted in patriarchal norms, working with a feminist life coach online might be the right choice for you. This coaching style is ideal for women who want a safe, judgment-free space to explore their goals and challenges with someone who truly “gets it.”

Citations:

2. https://vardags.com/family-law/marriage-feminism
3. https://www.mother.ly/health-wellness/mental-health/mental-load-survey-skylight/
4. https://www.relationshipsnsw.org.au/blog/balancing-the-mental-load-relationship/
5. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210518-the-hidden-load-how-thinking-of-everything-holds-mums-back
6. https://ls.wisc.edu/news/how-invisible-labor-affects-relationships
7. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10148620/
8. https://theconversation.com/is-feminism-killing-romance-69676
9. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/items/cc848a5d-3742-4e09-a25e-4d639667a07a
10. https://pauldolan.co.uk/happy-ever-after/prof-paul-dolan-on-the-independent-and-who-the-happiest-people-of-all-are.html
11. https://thoughtcatalog.com/shahida-arabi/2023/06/childfree-single-women-are-among-the-happiest-therapists-psychiatrists-and-childfree-millennials-explain-why/
12. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/04/opinion/women-unpaid-labor.html
13. https://fredblog.stlouisfed.org/2020/03/calculating-the-value-of-womens-unpaid-work/
14. https://www.ilo.org/resource/news/unpaid-care-work-prevents-708-million-women-participating-labour-market
15. https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2024/08/07/women-continue-to-outpace-men-in-college-enrollment-and-graduation/
16. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/progress-girls-access-education-what-new-unesco-data-reveals
17. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/education-at-a-glance-2024_c00cad36-en.html
18. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/blog/our-gender-pay-gap-2024-and-why-ngos-should-opt-report/
19. https://www.ilo.org/resource/other/global-wage-report-2024-2025-figures
20. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/03/04/new-data-show-massive-wider-than-expected-global-gender-gap
21. https://www.zippia.com/advice/women-in-leadership-statistics/
22. https://www.forbes.com/sites/kevinkruse/2023/03/31/new-research-women-more-effective-than-men-in-all-leadership-measures/
23. https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/apl-a0036751.pdf
24. https://oxford-review.com/does-gender-make-a-difference-in-terms-of-leadership-a-new-study/
25. https://www.aauw.org/issues/equity/workplace-harassment/
26. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/women-workplace-mckinsey-leanin-2024-report-sexual-harassment/
27. https://pasternaklaw.com/sexual-harassment-in-the-workplace-statistics/
28. https://rainn.org/statistics/victims-sexual-violence
29. https://www.nsvrc.org/statistics
30. https://med.emory.edu/departments/psychiatry/nia/resources/domestic_violence.html
31. https://www.dolanzimmerman.com/domestic-violence-statistics/
32. https://www.breakthecycle.org/domestic-violence-statistics/
33. https://hsph.harvard.edu/news/homicide-leading-cause-of-death-for-pregnant-women-in-u-s/
34. https://pcar.org/blog/rarity-false-rape-reports-brave-new-world-technology
35. https://www.channel4.com/news/factcheck/factcheck-men-are-more-likely-to-be-raped-than-be-falsely-accused-of-rape
36. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252141729_The_Role_of_Testosterone_in_Aggression
37. https://www.kiplinger.com/taxes/pink-tax-womens-products-price-discrimination
38. https://www.bankrate.com/personal-finance/pink-tax-how-women-pay-more/
39. https://cleartax.in/s/pink-tax-in-india
40. https://explodingtopics.com/blog/beauty-industry-stats
41. https://www.doc.wa.gov/docs/publications/infographics/100-PO031.htm
42. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/1/e010053
43. https://www.physio-pedia.com/High_heels_and_Women's_Health
44. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10651440/
45. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4072651/
46. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3695009/
47. https://www.obesityaction.org/resources/weight-bias-does-it-affect-men-and-women-differently/
48. https://www.stylist.co.uk/visible-women/stop-erasing-women-history-issue-399-visible-women-this-weeks-magazine/183866
49. https://ramyapandyan.com/how-female-erasure-misshapes-our-history/
50. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/women-hunted-often-prehistory-men-b2451528.html
51. https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/10/new-study-suggests-that-prehistoric-women-were-hunters-too/148951
52. https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/prehistoric-women-hunters/
53. https://theconversation.com/forget-man-the-hunter-physiological-and-archaeological-evidence-rewrites-assumptions-about-a-gendered-division-of-labor-in-prehistoric-times-214347
54. https://www.outsideonline.com/health/training-performance/female-athlete-science-up-to-speed-book-christine-yu/
55. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37772882/
56. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20240731-the-sports-where-women-outperform-men
57. https://www.acsm.org/news-detail/2023/09/29/acsm-releases-expert-consensus-statement-the-biological-basis-of-sex-differences-in-athletic-performance
58. https://osborneslaw.com/blog/women-more-likely-to-have-symptoms-ignored-by-the-nhs/
59. https://www.aamc.org/news/why-we-know-so-little-about-women-s-health
60. https://www.womenshealthmag.com/uk/health/a62595229/women-dismissed-pain/
61. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8812498/
62. https://theconversation.com/womens-pain-is-often-not-believed-heres-how-to-make-your-voice-heard-when-seeking-help-207866
63. https://www.medicalresearchfoundation.org.uk/news/closing-the-sex-and-gender-gap-in-medical-research
64. https://www.webmd.com/women/features/women-doctors-symptoms-dismissed
65. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/men-more-likely-leave-wives-when-serious-illness-danny-gambino-dc
66. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4857885/
67. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091110105401.htm
68. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19645027/
69. https://now.org/blog/the-objectification-of-womens-bodies-in-healthcare-the-husband-stitch/
70. https://www.healthline.com/health-news/husband-stitch-is-not-just-myth
71. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562258/
72. https://www.azuravascularcare.com/infovaricocele/male-infertility-statistics/
73. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32667-2/abstract
74. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38551703/
75. https://utswmed.org/medblog/older-fathers-fertility/
76. https://www.healthline.com/health-news/sperm-fertility-declines-significantly-after-age-50
77. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/five-myths-about-abortion-in-the-us/
78. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10196890/
79. https://www.kff.org/health-misinformation-monitor/how-abortion-misinformation-gives-rise-to-restrictive-abortion-laws/
80. https://publicgoodnews.com/2024/09/26/debunking-anti-abortion-myths/
81. https://www.newyorker.com/books/under-review/the-study-that-debunks-most-anti-abortion-arguments
82. https://www.guttmacher.org/news-release/2018/about-half-us-abortion-patients-report-using-contraception-month-they-became
83. https://www.guttmacher.org/journals/ipsrh/2003/03/relationships-between-contraception-and-abortion-review-evidence
84. https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-gender-orgasm-gap/
85. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgasm_gap
86. https://yougov.co.uk/society/articles/40941-orgasm-gap-61-men-only-30-women-say-they-orgasm-ev
87. https://www.cnn.com/2017/03/10/health/orgasm-frequency-sex-explainer-study/index.html
88. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3539603/
89. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2569832/
90. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-getting-married-or-a-degree-affects-mens-chances-of-outliving-women
91. https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/news_events_6123/news_press_releases_4630/press/marriage_and_life_expectancy_1813
92. https://sites.aub.edu.lb/outlook/2023/05/05/debunking-daddy-issues/
93. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/03/11/rising-share-of-americans-see-women-raising-children-on-their-own-cohabitation-as-bad-for-society/
94. https://www.thelifeofasinglemom.com/single-mom-statistics-the-truth-about-single-moms/
95. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374999739_The_Role_of_Gender_in_Parenting_Styles_and_Their_Effects_on_Child_Development
96. https://medicine.umich.edu/dept/psychiatry/news/archive/202110/study-shows-men-women-share-similar-emotional-highs-lows
97. https://www.bps.org.uk/research-digest/women-are-no-more-emotionally-turbulent-men
98. https://mential.io/blog/psychological-differences-between-women-and-men
99. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-management-and-organization/article/
100. https://theglasshammer.com/2020/03/invisible-by-design-the-data-loop-that-perpetuates-a-default-male-world/
101. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/world-still-designed-men-androulla-soteri
102. https://www.hays.ie/market-insights/article/the-world-is-designed-for-men
103. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22021321/
104. https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/book-review-invisible-women-data-bias-in-a-world-designed-for-men.1056433/
105. https://destinationtbc.com/why-isnt-car-safety-designed-for-women/
106. https://uxdesign.cc/invisible-women-when-you-only-design-for-50-of-the-population-6738f5b60b88?gi=1f463a311824
107. https://saferide4kids.com/blog/history-of-seat-belts-effective/
108. https://www.euronews.com/next/2023/05/06/a-mans-world-why-are-cars-designed-and-built-with-just-male-bodies-in-mind

Check out the Vision to Action Goal-Setting Digital Planner PDF for only 29$

More info